Brochure Evaporator 2

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EVAPORATOR INTRODUCTION

Page 2

Swenson has a staff of engineers capable of designing and engineering complete evaporator installations including steelwork, instrumentation, utilities, separation, drying and material handling equipment. In addition, Swenson works with licensees and affiliates to supply any size of process equipment anywhere in the world.

Choice of equipment

Swenson designs and manufactures four general types of evaporators. The first two are used for concentrating solutions where no precipitates are formed. The other two are used for salting or scaling applications.
     The long-tube vertical (LTV) rising-film evaporator is commonly used to concentrate many non-salting liquors. For liquors requiring evaporation at extremely low LTs, and for critically heat-sensitive liquors, the long-tube vertical (LTV) falling-film evaporator is preferred. LTV rising-film and LTV falling-film evaporators provide maximum evaporative performance for the least capital investment.
     For applications where precipitates are formed during evaporation, a forced-circulation evaporator is the most desirable choice.
The calandria, or short tube, evaporator is less popular today than in the past, though a number of companies still prefer this type of evaporator over other designs. The calandria can handle both salting and scaling-type applications as well as those where no precipitates are formed.
     All of these evaporators require a vapor-liquid separation device and a heat exchanger. Different separation devices, commonly called vapor bodies, will be described throughout these web pages.

Evaporator 2

Fig. 2. Three-stage, Forced-Circulation Evaporator used to concentrate wet process phosphoric acid

EVAPORATOR APPLICATIONS
The following is a partial list of applications for Swenson evaporators:

LTV Rising- and Falling-Film Evaporators:
Acid Sulfite Liquor
Ammonium Nitrate
Animal Blood
Blow-Down Water
Calcium Chloride
Caustic Potash
Caustic Soda, Diaphragm Cell
Caustic Soda, Membrane Cell
Caustic Soda, Mercerizing
Caustic Soda, Mercury Cell
Coffee Extract
Fish Stickwater
Gelatin
Glue
Green Liquor, Semi-Chem.
Hydrolyzate Liquor
Kraft Liquor
Magnesium Chloride
N.S.S.C. Liquor
Pectin
Pentaerythritol
Phosphoric Acid (Bright Dip)
Pickle Liquor
Plating Bath
Radioactive Waste
Salt Brine (Below Saturation)
Salt-Free Glycerine
Sodium Aluminate
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Sulfate
Sorghum
Soybean Oil
Spin Bath
Steepwater
Stillage
Sugars
Sulfuric Acid
Syrups
Tankwater
Tomato Juice
Urea
Whey

Forced-Circulation Evaporators:
Ammonium Sulfate
Calcium Chloride
Caprolactum
Caustic Potash
Citric Acid
Diaphragm Cell Caustic Soda
Magnesium Chloride
Mono-Sodium Glutamate
N.S.S.C. Liquor
Red Liquor
Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Dichromate
Sodium Sulfate
Super-Phosphoric Acid
Urea
Wet Process Phosphoric Acid

Calandria Evaporators:
The calandria evaporator can be used for many of the applications described for both forced-circulation and LTV rising- and falling-film evaporators.